Redes intelectuales y circulación de modelos de desarrollo: la cooperación técnica francesa en la Reforma Agraria chilena (1964-1973)

This article seeks to analyse the ideological context in which a French mission of technical cooperation takes place during the period of implementation of the agrarian reform in Chile (1964-1973). It focuses, on the one hand, on the circulation of specific development models discussed on both sides of the Atlantic at the time, and on the other, on the ideological, political and historic elements that feed into the discussion, namely Social Chistianism and ThirdWorldism. The establishment of intellectual networks and ideological affinities among French and Chilean social actors enabled the arrival of the NGO IRAM (Institut de Recherches et Applications de Méthodes de Développement) to Chile.Este artículo busca analizar el contexto ideológico en el que se sitúa una misión de cooperación técnica francesa, durante el período de implementación de la Reforma Agraria en Chile (1964-1973). El enfoque está puesto en la circulación de determinados modelos de desarrollo en aquella época, discutidos a ambos lados del Atlántico, y en elementos ideológicos, políticos e históricos que nutren dicha discusión, como lo son el socialcristianismo y el tercermundismo. El establecimiento de redes intelectuales y afinidades ideológicas compartidas entre actores sociales franceses y chilenos permite la llegada de la ONG IRAM (Institut de Recherches et Applications de Méthodes de Développement) a Chile

Caracterización de la producción de porcinos en el municipio de Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia 2017

Dosquebradas es el municipio más joven del departamento de Risaralda y uno de los de mayor crecimiento poblacional, con un desarrollo socio económico muy óptimo para la región esto debido a gran parte a su ubicación contiguo a la capital Pereira, esto convierte al departamento en un lugar con potencial productor en la industria agropecuaria y de igual manera una fácil distribución de los productos. Conociendo el potencial del Departamento de Risaralda en la producción porcina y su importante participación en las tasas de crecimiento en el ámbito nacional; se considera como razón principal la de este trabajo, el conocer el estado actual de la producción porcina en el municipio de Dosquebradas en razón que éste municipio viene contribuyendo al tal crecimiento. Por ello es necesario cuantificar y estudiar la forma como se está manejando allí los niveles de producción porcina. Además, se carece de información que sustente los volúmenes de producción y las formas de hacerlo

Filtro Biosand como método de tratamento de água no ponto de uso para consumo a nível familiar em zonas rurais : influência da turbidez

Atualmente, cerca de 2,1 bilhões de pessoas no mundo consomem água potável de fontes contaminadas. O número de pessoas sem acesso a água potável pode ser reduzido através de tecnologias de tratamento de água no ponto-de-uso (POU). Esses sistemas podem fornecer água potável segura e acessível para famílias em áreas rurais ou durante emergências, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento. O filtro doméstico Biosand (BSF) destaca-se entre as tecnologias de tratamento de água no POU. Tornou-se recentemente um dos dispositivos de tratamento mais populares, com mais de 500.000 unidades construídas entre 1991 e 2015. O BSF é um filtro de areia lento, de escala doméstica e operação intermitente. Uma das principais limitantes do BSF é que seu desempenho varia com os parâmetros de qualidade da água afluente, como a turbidez. Considerando o potencial do BSF, esta investigação teve como objetivo analisar sua eficiência na remoção de microrganismos de águas com turbidez variáveis, distribuídas em quatro BSFs em escala piloto com uma Taxa de Aplicação Superficial (TAS) média de 1,4 32∙⁄. Durante três meses de operação, um BSF foi alimentado com 12 litros diários de água de poço, com o objetivo de simular uma fonte de água comumente usada em populações isoladas. Os outros três BSF foram alimentados com 12 litros por dia de água contaminada sinteticamente, com esgotos tratados, e turbidez induzida por meio de caulim para obter valores de 3, 25 e 50 UNT. Os BSFs apresentaram reduções máximas de coliformes totais (CT) que variaram de 1,8 a 3,2 log de remoção. O BSF que recebeu água com 50 UNT apresentou a maior eficiência de remoção de CT durante todo o experimento com 3,2 log de remoção. Por análise estatística, houve evidência que as remoções de CT medidas neste filtro foram significativamente maiores que as eficiências dos BSFs que receberam águas com níveis menores de turbidez. As reduções máximas de Escherichia coli (E. coli) variaram de 1,9 a 2,8 ULR. O BSF que recebeu água com maior turbidez também foi o filtro que apresentou a maior eficiência de remoção de E. coli durante todo o experimento com 2,8 log de remoção, porém a aplicação de teste estatístico não resultou em evidência de diferenças com os outros BSFs. As eficiências médias de remoção de turbidez variaram entre 87,8% e 99,1%. A absorção a radiação UV a 254nm, parâmetro relacionado a presença de matéria orgânica natural na água, teve eficiências de remoção que variaram entre 62,4% e 73,5%. Para o caso específico deste trabalho, onde a turbidez foi devida ao caulim, ficou evidenciado que houve uma melhora na remoção de microrganismos com o aumento da turbidez.Currently, about 2.1 billion people worldwide consume drinking water from contaminated sources. The number of people without access to clean water can be reduced by implementation of point-of-use (POU) water treatment. These systems can provide safe and affordable potable water to households in rural areas and during emergencies, especially in developing countries. Among POU water treatment systems, the domestic Biosand filter (BSF) stands out as a viable technology. It has become one of the most popular water filters with more than 500,000 units built between 1991 and 2015. The BSF is an intermittently operated, household scale, slow sand filter. One disadvantage of BSF is that its performance varies with inflow water quality, especially turbidity. Considering the potential of BSF application, this study aimed to measure microorganism removal efficiency in water with varying degrees of turbidity using four full-scale BSF with an average surface application rate of 1,4 32∙⁄. During three months of operation one BSF was dosed daily with 12L of well-water with the purpose of simulating a commonly used water source in isolated populations. The other three BSF were dosed daily with 12L of water that was synthetically contaminated with treated wastewater, and that had its turbidity regulated with kaolin to obtain turbidity values of 3, 25 and 50 NTU. The BSF showed maximum reductions in total coliform (CT) ranging from 1.8 to 3.2 log removal value (LRV). The BSF that received water with 50 NTU, was the one with the highest removal efficiency throughout the experiment (3.2 LRV). There was statistical evidence showing the efficiency of this filter with higher turbidity was significantly higher than the efficiencies of the other three BSF with lower turbidity. The maximum reduction of Escherichia coli (E. coli) ranged from 1.9 to 2.8 LRV. Again, the BSF that received water with higher turbidity had more reduction than the other three BSF, reaching 2,8 LRV. However, application of statistical test did not show significant efficiency differences compared to the other BSFs. The turbidity removal efficiency was found to be between 87,8% and 99,1%. Removal in UV absorbance at 254 nm, a parameter related to the presence of natural organic matter, varied between 62,2% and 73,5%. In this study, where turbidity was acquired by the addition of kaolin, it was concluded that feed water with turbidity up to 50 NTU had higher microbiological removal that waters with lower NTU

Analysis and Decomposition of Energy Consumption in the Chilean Industry Análisis y Descomposición del Consumo de Energía en la Industria Chilena

Abstract In a scenario of rising energy costs, global warming and climate change, energy efficiency might play a central role to reduce the impact on the environment of industrial activities, while keeping the competitiveness of the industry. This thesis aims at analyzing what explain the changes in the efficiency of energy consumption in Chile's industry. In order to provide policymakers with the information needed to determine whether energy efficiency policies can play a role in the industrial sector in Chile and if it is better to have a unique or a differentiated energy efficiency policy for Chile's industry. The logarithmic mean Divisia index method I is used for the decomposition analysis. III IV Abstract Content

Underlying motivations for social media use by first time mothers

To become a mother is a radical change in life. Nowadays the number of new mothers that have started to use social media has increased considerably. The principal objective of this study is to find out the underlying motivations new mothers have to participate on social media. The method used for this study is a survey with open and closed questions administered to first time mothers aged between 25 – 35 years . I expect that the reasons behind the use of social media are the search and development of a new identity, the search for connection and as an instrument for parenting. Understanding these motivations can help people offer new tools, form communities, give support, and offer products that moms are looking for.El convertirse en una nueva mama es un cambio radical en la vida de una persona. Hoy en día el número de madres primerizas que usa las redes sociales ha incrementado muchísimo. El objetivo principal de este estudio, es comprender las motivaciones que las madres primerizas tienen para participar en las redes sociales. El método usado es una encuesta realizada a madres entre 25-35 años que tienen su primer hijo. Se espera que las razones que motivan a las madres primerizas a usar redes sociales son la búsqueda de una nueva identidad como madres, búsqueda de conexión y vínculo y como un instrumento para “parenting”. Se espera que los resultados soporten la búsqueda de los motivos que encuentran las madres para participar de manera tan activa en las redes sociales, el entenderlas, podrá ayudarnos a entender que necesitan las madres, que se puede implementar, como mejorar la comunicación y sentido de conexión entre ellas y el resto de padres en el mundo

Caracterización de la actividad imaginativa en preescolar

Licenciado (a) en Pedagogía InfantilPregrad

Biosand filter as a point-of-use water treatment technology : influence of turbidity on microorganism removal efficiency

The number of people living without access to clean water can be reduced by the implementation of point-of-use (POU) water treatment. Among POU treatment systems, the domestic biosand filter (BSF) stands out as a viable technology. However, the performance of the BSF varies with the inflow water quality characteristics, especially turbidity. In some locations, people have no choice but to treat raw water that has turbidity above recommended levels for the technology. This study aimed to measure the efficiency with which the BSF removes microorganisms from well water and from fecal-contaminated water with turbidity levels of 3, 25, and 50 NTU. Turbidity was controlled by the addition of kaolin to water. Turbidity removal varied from 88% to 99%. Reductions in total coliform (TC) and Escherichia coli ranged from 0.54–2.01 and 1.2–2.2 log removal values (LRV), respectively. The BSF that received water with a higher level of turbidity showed the greatest reduction in the concentration of microorganisms. Additional testing with water contaminated with four bacterial pure cultures showed reductions between 2.7 and 3.6 LRV. A higher reduction in microorganisms was achieved after 30–35 days in operation. Despite the filter’s high efficiency, the filtrates still had some microorganisms, and a disinfection POU treatment could be added to increase water safety